Grit was originally defined as one's disposition to demonstrate perseverance and passion for long-term goals ( Duckworth et al., 2007, p. One of the non-cognitive constructs gaining considerable attention in the existing literature is grit ( Duckworth et al., 2007). Psychological scientists have recognized the importance of exploring non-cognitive predictors of success in work, school, and other domains of life ( Robbins et al., 2006 Duckworth and Yeager, 2015). Future research directions are discussed on how to move forward the science of grit. Importantly, it elaborates how alternative models can potentially address flaws in the existing grit theory. This integrative review provides a comprehensive summary on the link of grit to performance and well-being outcomes. Although previous meta-analytic and systematic reviews summarized how grit relates to performance outcomes, they possess considerable shortcomings, such as (a) absence of summary on the association of grit with well-being outcomes (b) absence of discussion on social, psychological, and emotional mechanisms linking grit to well-being and (c) lack of elaboration on how alternative models can resolve fundamental problems in the grit construct. Grit, which is originally conceptualized as passion and perseverance for long-term goals, has been associated with optimal performance. Department of Special Education and Counselling, Integrated Centre for Well-Being, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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